How to Calculate the Specific Gravity of Liquids: Step-by-Step
Learn how to calculate the specific gravity of liquids with this step-by-step guide, which includes easy formulas and examples to help you determine if a liquid will float or sink
Specific Gravity Table Chart and Equation
Specific gravity (S.G.) is a measure of the relative density of a substance as compared to the density of water at a standard temperature. Physicists use 39.2 F (4 C) as the standard, but engineers ordinarily use 60 F.
Liquids
Specific gravity of a liquid is the "ratio of the density of the liquid - to the density of water at 4oC". Specific gravity of some common liquids and fluids:
Specific Gravity
Specific gravity is a dimensionless quantity that is defined as the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of the water at a specified temperature. The density of water at 4 0C is commonly used as a reference point.
1.7: Density and specific gravity measurements
Specific gravity measurement. The specific gravity is usually measured using an instrument called a hydrometer. The hydrometer partially submerges in the liquid sample, and the reading on the scale at the air-water junction point is recorded, as illustrated in Fig. 1.7.3.
Water
Figures and tables showing specific gravity of liquid water in the range of 32 to 700 °F or 0 to 370°C, using water density at four different temperatures as reference.
Liquids
Specific Gravity - SG - is a dimensionless unit defined for liquids as "the ratio of the density of the substance to the density of water at a specified temperature". For gases the Specific Gravity is related to air. Specific Gravity for common fluids are indicated in the table below.
Specific Gravity Calculator
Use this specific gravity calculator to find the specific gravity of different materials and see whether they will float or sink.
Specific Gravity Table: Liquids, Gases, and Solids
Specific gravity (SG), also known as relative density, is a dimensionless quantity that represents the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a reference substance, typically water for liquids and solids, and air for gases.
Specific Gravity: Liquids, Gases, and Solids
Specific gravity is the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a reference substance (typically water) at a specific temperature and pressure. It's a dimensionless quantity often used to determine the relative density of liquids and solids compared to water.